The Collings Foundation's Spitfire BR601 has an incredible WWII combat record - flown by two different aces, and the list is long of its combat missions (116) - which includes flying escort duty for 8th AF bombers, including a few of the same missions flown by the "Memphis Belle". I don't know how much original material is in the airframe, but it was a complete aircraft up into the 80's, prior to the first start of restoration. It is also quite special for being one of the first Mk.IX Spitfires ever manufactured, with some early/unique details as a result.
I'm a Mustang guy, and "Sierra Sue II" and "Upupa Epops" top my list of most important in that category. It's the combination of originality, authenticity and connection to WWII history. If you include "Sierra Sue II", you have to include "Upupa Epops", and vice-versa. There are some Mustangs flying today with a bit more original material than these two, but aren't nearly as authentic or don't have WWII combat records. I know in the case of "Sierra Sue II", the majority of its structure is original (with just a replaced rib here and there where absolutely required - I recall a rib that had a factory-repair at North American was actually kept in the restoration, rather than making a perfect new one, because it is authentic to that airframe's history and it was an important goal of the project to keep as much original material as possible in the aircraft), and on "SSII" there are original skins around the tail, the cowlings and throughout the wings (the rest were replaced where needed so that they could ensure the aircraft looked exactly as it did in 1944/'45). Military equipment original to the aircraft that had been stripped out decades ago had been kept and was put back in the aircraft during restoration. With regard to "Upupa Epops", it is known to have shot down two Luftwaffe aircraft, including an Me-262. Both aircraft survived as whole, intact airframes prior to restoration.
The Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum's FG-1D Corsair tops my list in that category, for its combination of originality, authenticity and connection to WWII history. It is the most authentically-restored and outfitted Corsair to-date, mostly all original (structure & skins), and has a documented WWII combat service in the Pacific. The Planes of Fame's F4U-1A is right up there too - very original (though metal-covered wings rather than fabric as original), with a documented WWII combat service in the Pacific.
"Glacier Girl" is probably one of the most famous/well known warbirds flying today (in addition to the likes of "FIFI", "Doc", the Collings bombers, "That's All Brother", the BBMF and Canadian Lancasters, etc.). As Fearless Tower mentions, I think "Glacier Girl" has long been perceived as having more original material in it than it actually does - I recall Bob Cardin mentioning that every last part of the aircraft was broken/damaged. The story of its recovery and restoration, as well as the story it tells of "Operation Bolero", is important. Not to mention how rare a variant of the P-38 it is, not only flying, but among all surviving P-38's in museums/collections. It remains one of my favorite warbirds, and one of the key aircraft that got me interested in warbirds as a youngster growing up. (The P-38F "White 33" is the most authentically-restored P-38 flying today, but it is also the least original - like some of the new Spitfire/Mustang restorations/builds, where they have reached the pinnacle of authenticity, but are mostly newly manufactured from very little to begin with.)
The P-47 "Dottie Mae" is another spectacular, restored aircraft - not incredibly original, due to the amount of original material which could not be re-used in a flying aircraft (much more so I think than they originally thought when the project started), but it ranks at the top of the most authentically-restored P-47's, and has a lengthy combat record. One of the best things I saw come out of that project is seeing the guys that were originally assigned-to/involved with the aircraft during WWII being able to be reunited with the aircraft throughout its restoration and seeing it completed/flying again. To me, this aircraft is absolutely fantastic (another which I stayed glued to for any news throughout its restoration), and it looks stunning, both authentically and aesthetically.
As also has been mentioned, the Planes of Fame's A6M5 Zero is a very special/important survivor, still flying today. It has been through two separate restorations with Planes of Fame (the most recent being completed just a few years ago), but it still remains extremely original (skins/structure, etc.). The Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum's original/flying Fw-190A-5 is also a very special/important survivor, which is also extremely original and of course extremely accurate - not only is much of the internal structure original, but about 90% of the skins are original as well. Those two are the most original combat types flying today that were built by/served with the Axis powers during WWII. There are three airworthy Bf-109E's, with WWII history/records, but are not as original/a lot of new material.
There are a couple of warbirds flying today which lay claim to being present at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack on Dec. 7, 1941, but these are largely new build aircraft as well/very little original material to their specific identities - the Collings P-40B and the Mid America Flight Museum's Grumman Duck (formerly with Chuck Greenhill).
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