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Received an intersting email

Mon Apr 16, 2012 2:49 pm

World II Buffs. Wild Bill



Most Americans who were not adults during WWII have no understanding of the magnitude of it. This listing of some of the aircraft facts gives a bit of insight to it.
276,000 aircraft were manufactured in the U.S.
43,000 planes lost overseas, including 23,000 in combat.
14,000 lost in the continental U.S.

The U.S. civilian population maintained a dedicated effort for four years, many working long hours seven days per week and often also volunteering for other work. WWII was the largest human effort in history.
Statistics are from Flight Journal magazine.

THE PRICE OF VICTORY (cost of an aircraft in WWII dollars)
B-17 $204,370. P-40 $44,892.
B-24 $215,516. P-47 $85,578.
B-25 $142,194. P-51 $51,572.
B-26 $192,426. C-47 $88,574.
B-29 $605,360. PT-17 $15,052.
P-38 $97,147. AT-6 $22,952.

PLANES A DAY WORLDWIDE
From Germany's invasion of Poland Sept. 1, 1939 and ending with Japan's surrender Sept. 2, 1945 --- 2,433 days
From 1942 onward, America averaged 170 planes lost a day.

How many is a 1,000 planes? B-17 production (12,731) wingtip to wingtip would extend 250 miles. 1,000 B-17s carried 2.5 million gallons of high octane fuel and required 10,000 airmen to fly and fight them.

THE NUMBERS GAME
9.7 billion gallons of gasoline consumed, 1942-1945.
107.8 million hours flown, 1943-1945.
459.7 billion rounds of aircraft ammo fired overseas, 1942-1945.
7.9 million bombs dropped overseas, 1943-1945.
2.3 million combat sorties, 1941-1945 (one sortie = one takeoff).
299,230 aircraft accepted, 1940-1945.
808,471 aircraft engines accepted, 1940-1945.
799,972 propellers accepted, 1940-1945.

WWII MOST-PRODUCED COMBAT AIRCRAFT
Ilyushin IL-2 Sturmovik 36,183


Yakolev Yak-1,-3,-7, -9 31,000+


Messerschmitt Bf-109 30,480

Focke-Wulf Fw-190 29,001

Supermarine Spitfire/Seafire 20,351

Convair B-24/PB4Y Liberator/Privateer 18,482

Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 15,686

North American P-51 Mustang 15,875

Junkers Ju-88 15,000

Hawker Hurricane 14,533

Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 13,738

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress 12,731

Vought F4U Corsair 12,571

Grumman F6F Hellcat 12,275

Petlyakov Pe-2 11,400

Lockheed P-38 Lightning 10,037

Mitsubishi A6M Zero 10,449

North American B-25 Mitchell 9,984

Lavochkin LaGG-5 9,920

Note: The LaGG-5 was produced with both water-cooled (top) and air-cooled (bottom) engines.

Grumman TBM Avenger 9,837

Bell P-39 Airacobra 9,584

Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar 5,919

DeHavilland Mosquito 7,780

Avro Lancaster 7,377

Heinkel He-111 6,508

Handley-Page Halifax 6,176

Messerschmitt Bf-110 6,150

Lavochkin LaGG-7 5,753

Boeing B-29 Superfortress 3,970

Short Stirling 2,383


Sources: Rene Francillon, Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific war; Cajus Bekker, The Luftwaffe Diaries; Ray Wagner, American Combat Planes; Wikipedia.


According to the AAF Statistical Digest, in less than four years (December 1941- August 1945), the US Army Air Forces lost 14,903 pilots, aircrew and assorted personnel plus 13,873 airplanes --- inside the continental United States. They were the result of 52,651 aircraft accidents (6,039 involving fatalities) in 45 months.

Think about those numbers. They average 1,170 aircraft accidents per month --- nearly 40 a day. (Less than one accident in four resulted in totaled aircraft, however.)
It gets worse.....
Almost 1,000 Army planes disappeared enroute from the US to foreign climes. But an eye-watering 43,581 aircraft were lost overseas including 22,948 on combat missions (18,418 against the Western Axis) and 20,633 attributed to non-combat causes overseas.

In a single 376 plane raid in August 1943, 60 B-17s were shot down. That was a 16 percent loss rate and meant 600 empty bunks in England. In 1942-43 it was statistically impossible for bomber crews to complete a 25-mission tour in Europe.
Pacific theatre losses were far less (4,530 in combat) owing to smaller forces committed. The worst B-29 mission, against Tokyo on May 25, 1945, cost 26 Superfortresses, 5.6 percent of the 464 dispatched from the Marianas.
On an avrage, 6,600 American servicemen died per month during WWII, about 220 a day. By the end of the war, over 40,000 airmen were killed in combat theatres and another 18,000 wounded. Some 12,000 missing men were declared dead, including a number "liberated" by the Soviets but never returned. More than 41,000 were captured, half of the 5,400 held by the Japanese died in captivity, compared with one-tenth in German hands. Total combat casualties were pegged at 121,867.

U.S. manpower made up the deficit. The AAF's peak strength was reached in 1944 with 2,372,000 personnel, nearly twice the previous year's figure.
The losses were huge---but so were production totals. From 1941 through 1945, American industry delivered more than 276,000 military aircraft. That number was enough not only for U.S. Army, Navy and Marine Corps, but for allies as diverse as Britain, Australia, China and Russia. In fact, from 1943 onward, America produced more planes than Britain and Russia combined. And more than Germany and Japan together 1941-45.
However, our enemies took massive losses. Through much of 1944, the Luftwaffe sustained uncontrolled hemorrhaging, reaching 25 percent of aircrews and 40 planes a month. And in late 1944 into 1945, nearly half the pilots in Japanese squadrons had flown fewer than 200 hours. The disparity of two years before had been completely reversed.

Experience Level:
Uncle Sam sent many of his sons to war with absolute minimums of training. Some fighter pilots entered combat in 1942 with less than one hour in their assigned aircraft.
The 357th Fighter Group (often known as The Yoxford Boys) went to England in late 1943 having trained on P-39s. The group never saw a Mustang until shortly before its first combat mission.
A high-time P-51 pilot had 30 hours in type. Many had fewer than five hours. Some had one hour.
With arrival of new aircraft, many combat units transitioned in combat. The attitude was, "They all have a stick and a throttle. Go fly `em." When the famed 4th Fighter Group converted from P-47s to P-51s in February 1944, there was no time to stand down for an orderly transition. The Group commander, Col. Donald Blakeslee, said, "You can learn to fly `51s on the way to the target.

A future P-47 ace said, "I was sent to England to die." He was not alone. Some fighter pilots tucked their wheels in the well on their first combat mission with one previous flight in the aircraft. Meanwhile, many bomber crews were still learning their trade: of Jimmy Doolittle's 15 pilots on the April 1942 Tokyo raid, only five had won their wings before 1941. All but one of the 16 copilots were less than a year out of flight school.

In WWII flying safety took a back seat to combat. The AAF's worst accident rate was recorded by the A-36 Invader version of the P-51: a staggering 274 accidents per 100,000 flying hours. Next worst were the P-39 at 245, the P-40 at 188, and the P-38 at 139. All were Allison powered.

Bomber wrecks were fewer but more expensive. The B-17 and B-24 averaged 30 and 35 accidents per 100,000 flight hours, respectively-- a horrific figure considering that from 1980 to 2000 the Air Force's major mishap rate was less than 2.
The B-29 was even worse at 40; the world's most sophisticated, most capable and most expensive bomber was too urgently needed to stand down for mere safety reasons. The AAF set a reasonably high standard for B-29 pilots, but the desired figures were seldom attained.
The original cadre of the 58th Bomb Wing was to have 400 hours of multi-engine time, but there were not enough experienced pilots to meet the criterion. Only ten percent had overseas experience. Conversely, when a $2.1 billion B-2 crashed in 2008, the Air Force initiated a two-month "safety pause" rather than declare a "stand down", let alone grounding.

The B-29 was no better for maintenance. Though the R3350 was known as a complicated, troublesome power-plant, no more than half the mechanics had previous experience with the Duplex Cyclone. But they made it work.

Navigators:
Perhaps the greatest unsung success story of AAF training was Navigators. The Army graduated some 50,000 during the War. And many had never flown out of sight of land before leaving "Uncle Sugar" for a war zone. Yet the huge majority found their way across oceans and continents without getting lost or running out of fuel --- a stirring tribute to the AAF's educational establishments.
Cadet To Colonel:
It was possible for a flying cadet at the time of Pearl Harbor to finish the war with eagles on his shoulders. That was the record of John D. Landers, a 21-year-old Texan, who was commissioned a second lieutenant on December 12, 1941. He joined his combat squadron with 209 hours total flight time, including 20 in P-40s. He finished the war as a full colonel, commanding an 8th Air Force Group --- at age 24.
As the training pipeline filled up, however those low figures became exceptions.
By early 1944, the average AAF fighter pilot entering combat had logged at least 450 hours, usually including 250 hours in training. At the same time, many captains and first lieutenants claimed over 600 hours.
FACT:
At its height in mid-1944, the Army Air Forces had 2.6 million people and nearly 80,000 aircraft of all types.
Today the US Air Force employs 327,000 active personnel (plus 170,000 civilians) with 5,500+ manned and perhaps 200 unmanned aircraft.
The 2009 figures represent about 12 percent of the manpower and 7 percent of the airplanes of the WWII peak.
IN SUMMATION:
Whether there will ever be another war like that experienced in 1940-45 is doubtful, as fighters and bombers have given way to helicopters and remotely-controlled drones over Afghanistan and Iraq. But within living memory, men left the earth in 1,000-plane formations and fought major battles five miles high, leaving a legacy that remains timeless.

This is an excellent summary of the effort required in WWII. It focuses on the American side of things, but the British, Germans and Japanese expended comparable energy and experienced similar costs. Just one example for the Luftwaffe; about 1/3 of the Bf109s built were lost in non-combat crashes. After Midway, the Japanese experience level declined markedly, with the loss of so many higher-time naval pilots. This piece is worth saving in hard copy.

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 8:59 am

You are wrong in saying that the British, Germans and Japanese expended comparable energy and experienced similar costs. They incurred much greater costs, especially on a per capita or percentage of GDP basis. Not to mention the USSR, China or even France. In the case of Germany and the Soviets, these costs exceeded the US's by an order of magnitude.

For the USA and Canada, this was a foreign war. They lost far fewer fighting men, essentially no civilians, and all of that industrial production benefitted their infrastructure for many decades and led to a postwar period of unprecedented prosperity. The countries in Europe and Asia where the fighting took place, whichever side they were on, made a much higher investment in the war and emerged with many of their cities and political systems as shattered ruins. People who lived in those countries, as well as many that were overrun, like Poland, Holland, etc., went through a horrific human and economic experience that North Americans cannot even relate to. Viewing the cost of the war through the American prism of how many B-24s were made is like saying that the recession has been really tough on Warren Buffet -- it ignores all the real costs and those who incurred them. Whoever wrote the email you received displays no more understanding of the war than the young Americans referenced in his first sentence.

August

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 1:29 pm

k5083 wrote:You are wrong in saying that the British, Germans and Japanese expended comparable energy and experienced similar costs. They incurred much greater costs, especially on a per capita or percentage of GDP basis. Not to mention the USSR, China or even France. In the case of Germany and the Soviets, these costs exceeded the US's by an order of magnitude.

For the USA and Canada, this was a foreign war. They lost far fewer fighting men, essentially no civilians, and all of that industrial production benefitted their infrastructure for many decades and led to a postwar period of unprecedented prosperity. The countries in Europe and Asia where the fighting took place, whichever side they were on, made a much higher investment in the war and emerged with many of their cities and political systems as shattered ruins. People who lived in those countries, as well as many that were overrun, like Poland, Holland, etc., went through a horrific human and economic experience that North Americans cannot even relate to. Viewing the cost of the war through the American prism of how many B-24s were made is like saying that the recession has been really tough on Warren Buffet -- it ignores all the real costs and those who incurred them. Whoever wrote the email you received displays no more understanding of the war than the young Americans referenced in his first sentence.

August


Well said!!

Mudge the impressed :drink3:

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 1:39 pm

I agree with Mr. Mudge as well on your response.

went through a horrific human and economic experience that North Americans cannot even relate to.


Unless you lost a family member or members then you would be surprised as to what a North Amarican can relate to. But I get your overall point. :)

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 4:35 pm

I know this might seem a bit technical to some but significant portions of the United States did see extensive combat. At least one major city was extensively damaged, while significant numbers of US citizens were killed.

I speak of course of the Philippines, Guam, Alaska, and Hawaii. The major city being Manila. It is estimated that in the Philippines alone we lost One half to One million people. I know it easy for some to dismiss the casualties in the Philippines, but it was an undisputed part of the United States at the time and had the same status as Hawaii, Guam,Alaska, and Puerto Rico.

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 5:15 pm

jmkendall wrote:I know this might seem a bit technical to some but significant portions of the United States did see extensive combat. At least one major city was extensively damaged, while significant numbers of US citizens were killed.

I speak of course of the Philippines, Guam, Alaska, and Hawaii. The major city being Manila. It is estimated that in the Philippines alone we lost One half to One million people. I know it easy for some to dismiss the casualties in the Philippines, but it was an undisputed part of the United States at the time and had the same status as Hawaii, Guam,Alaska, and Puerto Rico.


This too may seem a bit "technical", but none of the places you mention were part of the, contiguous, United "STATES" at the time and I have no doubt that was what August meant.

Mudge the literal :hide:

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 6:40 pm

Saying that the only US citizens that counted were in the lower 48 is a troubling concept for me. Certainly the US citizens CURRENTLY living on Guam might....just might....think that they had been invaded and occupied....maybe.

Or perhaps those Veterans of the 31st (Philippine) Division, the 26th Scout Cavalry; the 57th Scout Infantry just might be forgiven for thinking that they were US Troops. Or perhaps my Great Uncle, who died on the Death March, might be forgiven for thinking he was defending US soil, in his last letter to his family....

And I'm pretty sure that my Grandfather who was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions on Dec. 7th, 1941 thought he was on US soil as well.......

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 7:04 pm

All I did was cut and paste the email that was forwarded to me, if there are issues, I can send you guys the author's email address.

And as per one of the comments, I did lose family in the war. My uncle was a B-29 Navigator assigned to the 497th Bomb Group on Saipan.

Please dont shot me, the messenger.

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 9:26 pm

Pby not to worry, as usual around here it's much too easy to take a well meaning thread and twist it into a bar fight. I can tell you there was nothing wrong with your e-mail and nothing wrong with the responding posters thoughts either. Just some differences in opinion. Some valid and some not so much on both sides. Luckily you have a few of the more level headed posters in the discussion. Hopefully it will stay that way. :drink3:

Re: Received an intersting email

Tue Apr 17, 2012 10:18 pm

Yeah, I saw nothing to be worried about too. The original letter was interesting, and August' points were too. It's easy to forget, WWII having cost us so much, that it cost everybody else a heck of a lot more. The Russians in particular bled for every inch they gave up, and later took back.

Re: Received an intersting email

Wed Apr 18, 2012 4:55 pm

Russia lost a tremendous chunk of their population during WW2. Demographically, they still have not recovered. Women outnumber men in Russia by a generous margin, largely as a result of the war.

Re: Received an intersting email

Wed Apr 18, 2012 7:57 pm

fritzthefox wrote:Russia lost a tremendous chunk of their population during WW2. Demographically, they still have not recovered. Women outnumber men in Russia by a generous margin, largely as a result of the war.



Wish women out numbered men in every country
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